These people rarely pick-up on hidden meanings or subtle nonverbal cues. People who are not able to listen beyond the face value of the other’s words. These people are constantly looking to ambush and trap the other person in their own ideas and words, usually to prove or support a strong personal belief of their own. However, they do so to collect information that can be used against the other person (like a cross-examining attorney). Defensive listening creates impressions of insecurity and a lack of confidence. Think of it as only hearing or listening to things that you want to listen to. People who take innocent comments as personal attacks. When that topic arises in the conversation, they turn off. The opposite of selective listeners, insulated listeners are people who actively avoid or ignore certain topics. These people need to remember that communicators and their communication styles are in a continual process of change. These people push, pull, chop, and squeeze messages in order to make sure that they are consistent with prior messages. Barriers to effective listening are present at every stage of the listening process (Hargie, 2011). Explain how cognitive and personal factors can present barriers to effective listening. People who always interpret messages in terms of similar messages remembered from the past. Learning Objectives Discuss some of the environmental and physical barriers to effective listening. These people manufacture information to fill in the gaps of incomplete information, distorting the intended message. People who like to think that what they have heard actually makes a whole, coherent story, even when it may not. Examples include filtering, selective perception, information overload, emotional disconnects, lack of source familiarity or credibility, workplace gossip, semantics, gender differences, differences in meaning between Sender and Receiver, and biased language. Selective listeners have their own agenda of interesting and valuable topics and disregard or are disinterested in others’ agendas. Many barriers to effective communication exist. People who listen only to parts of a message that interest them and reject or ignore everything else. Stage hogs do not listen to the other person, but give short speeches. People who are only interested in expressing their own ideas, and who don’t care about what others have to say on the subject. People who give the appearance of being attentive, with smiles, head-nods, minimal responses, etc., but behind this polite facade, they are ignoring or not attending to the other person.
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